Kaiyuan (開元, December 713 – 741) was the second era name of Emperor Xuanzong (玄宗) of the Tang dynasty (唐), Li Longji (李隆基). It was used for 28 years and 1 month. The era name Kaiyuan carries the meaning of opening a new beginning, and in the history of the Tang dynasty the Kaiyuan period is regarded
Introduced~Abolished 713 ~ 741Last edited Oct 15, 2026, 2:51 PM
Kaiyuan (開元, December 713 – 741) was the second era name of Tang (唐) Emperor Xuanzong (玄宗), Li Longji (李隆基). It was used for 28 years and 1 month.
The era name Kaiyuan carries the meaning of opening a new beginning, and in the history of the Tang dynasty the Kaiyuan period is regarded as the era when the state enjoyed its greatest prosperity. In history, the Kaiyuan era, the golden age of the Tang dynasty, is also called the Kaiyuan Prosperity (開元盛世) or the Reign of Kaiyuan. A metal currency named the Kaiyuan Tongbao (開元通寶) was also issued.
Kaiyuan
On the 1st day of the 12th month of the 2nd year of Xiantian (先天) (22 December 713), the era name was changed to Kaiyuan (開元).1234
On the 1st day of the 1st month of the 30th year of Kaiyuan (開元) (10 February 742), the era name was changed to Tianbao (天寶).5264
Major events
In the 12th month of the 2nd year of Xiantian (713), on the day Gyeongin (12th day of the month), the era name was changed to Kaiyuan.
In the 1st year of Kaiyuan (713), the Tang dynasty handed over the Hexi Jiuqu (河西九曲) region to the Tibetan Empire by granting it as the tangmu-yi (湯沐邑, personal fief) of (金城公主), who had married into the Tibetan Empire.
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In the 7th month of the 2nd year of Kaiyuan (714), a Tang army led by the general Seol Nul (薛訥) attacked the Khitan (契丹) and defeated them at the Luanshui Valley (灤水谷).
Between the 8th and 10th months of the 2nd year of Kaiyuan (714), the Tibetans repeatedly invaded Tang's Weiyuan (渭源). In the 10th month, the Tang generals Seol Nul and Wang Jun (王晙) crushed the Tibetans at Wujie (武街) and pursued them to Changchengbao (長城堡), defeating them again. When the Tang general Wang Haibin (王海賓) died in this battle, his young son was given the name Wang Zhongsi (王忠嗣) by Emperor Xuanzong, was raised in the palace, and later became a famous general of the Tang court.
In the 7th month of the 4th year of Kaiyuan (716), the Göktürk Kapagan Khan was killed by soldiers of the Tokuz Oghuz while returning from a campaign against the Tokuz Oghuz. Kül Tegin and Tonyukuk killed Kapagan Khan's son Inel Khan and установили his elder brother as khagan (Bilge Khagan).
In the 4th year of Kaiyuan (716), Shanwuwei (善無畏), one of the Three Great Masters (三大士) of the Kaiyuan period, came to Chang'an.
In the 12th month of the 4th year of Kaiyuan (716), Yao Chong (姚崇) resigned as chancellor and Song Jing (宋璟) was appointed chancellor.
In the 6th year of Kaiyuan (718), the Lizheng Xiushu Academy (麗正脩書院), the oldest official scholarly academy in China, was established.
In the 1st month of the 8th year of Kaiyuan (720), Song Jing was dismissed as chancellor and Yuan Ganyao (源乾曜) and Zhang Jiazhen (張嘉貞) became chancellors.
In the 8th year of Kaiyuan (720), Vajrabodhi (金剛智) and Amoghavajra (不空), known as the Three Great Masters of the Kaiyuan period, came from India to Chang'an.
In the 10th year of Kaiyuan (722), the volunteer army system (募兵制) was implemented for the first time.
In the 1st month of the 15th year of Kaiyuan (727), the Tang and the Tibetans fought at Qinghai (淸海).
In the 10th month of the 15th year of Kaiyuan (727), the Tang and the Tibetans fought at Guazhou (瓜州).
In the 3rd month of the 17th year of Kaiyuan (729), a Tang army led by Xin'an Wang Yi (信安王 禕), the military governor of Shuofang (朔方节度使), attacked and captured the Tibetan fortress of Shibaocheng (石堡城).
In the 6th month of the 18th year of Kaiyuan (730), the Tang began attacking the Kitan (글안) (until the 3rd month of the 20th year).
In the 9th month of the 20th year of Kaiyuan (732), a naval force led by the Balhae general Jang Mun-hyu (張文休) attacked the Tang Dengzhou (登州) and killed its prefect Wei Jun (韋俊).
In the 20th year of Kaiyuan (732), the Da Tang Kaiyuan Li (大唐開元禮) was promulgated.
In the 21st year of Kaiyuan (733), the realm was divided into 15 circuits (道).
In the 22nd year of Kaiyuan (734), Zhang Shouguei (張守珪), military governor of Youzhou (幽州節度使), defeated the Kitan. Later, a civil war broke out among the Kitan; the official Li Guozhe (李過折) attacked and killed the Kitan king Qu Lie (屈烈) and the powerful minister Ketuogan (可突干), then led his followers to surrender to the Tang. The northeastern frontier of the Tang gradually stabilized thereafter.
In the 24th year of Kaiyuan (736), Zhang Jiuling (張九齡) was dismissed as chancellor and Li Linfu (李林甫) and Niu Xianke (牛仙客) became chancellors. Li Linfu came to wield full power.
In the 26th year of Kaiyuan (738), the Tang invested Piluoge (皮羅閣), king of Nanzhao (南詔), as the King of Yunnan (雲南王). Nanzhao then gradually grew stronger, built its capital at Dali Town (大和城, present-day Dali), and began to invade the Tang frontier.
Kaiyuan (開元, December 713 – 741) was the second era name of Tang (唐) Emperor Xuanzong (玄宗), Li Longji (李隆基). It was used for 28 years and 1 month.
The era name Kaiyuan carries the meaning of opening a new beginning, and in the history of the Tang dynasty the Kaiyuan period is regarded as the era when the state enjoyed its greatest prosperity. In history, the Kaiyuan era, the golden age of the Tang dynasty, is also called the Kaiyuan Prosperity (開元盛世) or the Reign of Kaiyuan. A metal currency named the Kaiyuan Tongbao (開元通寶) was also issued.
Kaiyuan
On the 1st day of the 12th month of the 2nd year of Xiantian (先天) (22 December 713), the era name was changed to Kaiyuan (開元).1234
On the 1st day of the 1st month of the 30th year of Kaiyuan (開元) (10 February 742), the era name was changed to Tianbao (天寶).5264
Major events
In the 12th month of the 2nd year of Xiantian (713), on the day Gyeongin (12th day of the month), the era name was changed to Kaiyuan.
In the 1st year of Kaiyuan (713), the Tang dynasty handed over the Hexi Jiuqu (河西九曲) region to the Tibetan Empire by granting it as the tangmu-yi (湯沐邑, personal fief) of Princess Jincheng (金城公主), who had married into the Tibetan Empire.
In the 7th month of the 2nd year of Kaiyuan (714), a Tang army led by the general Seol Nul (薛訥) attacked the Khitan (契丹) and defeated them at the Luanshui Valley (灤水谷).
Between the 8th and 10th months of the 2nd year of Kaiyuan (714), the Tibetans repeatedly invaded Tang's Weiyuan (渭源). In the 10th month, the Tang generals Seol Nul and Wang Jun (王晙) crushed the Tibetans at Wujie (武街) and pursued them to Changchengbao (長城堡), defeating them again. When the Tang general Wang Haibin (王海賓) died in this battle, his young son was given the name Wang Zhongsi (王忠嗣) by Emperor Xuanzong, was raised in the palace, and later became a famous general of the Tang court.
In the 7th month of the 4th year of Kaiyuan (716), the Göktürk Kapagan Khan was killed by soldiers of the Tokuz Oghuz while returning from a campaign against the Tokuz Oghuz. Kül Tegin and Tonyukuk killed Kapagan Khan's son Inel Khan and установили his elder brother as khagan (Bilge Khagan).
In the 4th year of Kaiyuan (716), Shanwuwei (善無畏), one of the Three Great Masters (三大士) of the Kaiyuan period, came to Chang'an.
In the 12th month of the 4th year of Kaiyuan (716), Yao Chong (姚崇) resigned as chancellor and Song Jing (宋璟) was appointed chancellor.
In the 6th year of Kaiyuan (718), the Lizheng Xiushu Academy (麗正脩書院), the oldest official scholarly academy in China, was established.
In the 1st month of the 8th year of Kaiyuan (720), Song Jing was dismissed as chancellor and Yuan Ganyao (源乾曜) and Zhang Jiazhen (張嘉貞) became chancellors.
In the 8th year of Kaiyuan (720), Vajrabodhi (金剛智) and Amoghavajra (不空), known as the Three Great Masters of the Kaiyuan period, came from India to Chang'an.
In the 10th year of Kaiyuan (722), the volunteer army system (募兵制) was implemented for the first time.
In the 1st month of the 15th year of Kaiyuan (727), the Tang and the Tibetans fought at Qinghai (淸海).
In the 10th month of the 15th year of Kaiyuan (727), the Tang and the Tibetans fought at Guazhou (瓜州).
In the 3rd month of the 17th year of Kaiyuan (729), a Tang army led by Xin'an Wang Yi (信安王 禕), the military governor of Shuofang (朔方节度使), attacked and captured the Tibetan fortress of Shibaocheng (石堡城).
In the 6th month of the 18th year of Kaiyuan (730), the Tang began attacking the Kitan (글안) (until the 3rd month of the 20th year).
In the 9th month of the 20th year of Kaiyuan (732), a naval force led by the Balhae general Jang Mun-hyu (張文休) attacked the Tang Dengzhou (登州) and killed its prefect Wei Jun (韋俊).
In the 20th year of Kaiyuan (732), the Da Tang Kaiyuan Li (大唐開元禮) was promulgated.
In the 21st year of Kaiyuan (733), the realm was divided into 15 circuits (道).
In the 22nd year of Kaiyuan (734), Zhang Shouguei (張守珪), military governor of Youzhou (幽州節度使), defeated the Kitan. Later, a civil war broke out among the Kitan; the official Li Guozhe (李過折) attacked and killed the Kitan king Qu Lie (屈烈) and the powerful minister Ketuogan (可突干), then led his followers to surrender to the Tang. The northeastern frontier of the Tang gradually stabilized thereafter.
In the 24th year of Kaiyuan (736), Zhang Jiuling (張九齡) was dismissed as chancellor and Li Linfu (李林甫) and Niu Xianke (牛仙客) became chancellors. Li Linfu came to wield full power.
In the 26th year of Kaiyuan (738), the Tang invested Piluoge (皮羅閣), king of Nanzhao (南詔), as the King of Yunnan (雲南王). Nanzhao then gradually grew stronger, built its capital at Dali Town (大和城, present-day Dali), and began to invade the Tang frontier.