Heo Ja (許磁; 13th day of the intercalary third lunar month of 1496 – 14 March 1551) was a scholar-official, writer, and politician of the mid-Joseon period. He studied under Kim An-guk, a disciple of Kim Jong-jik, but later joined the Lesser Yun faction of Yun Won-hyeong and became his close associate. He took part in eliminating Yun Im and the Great Yun faction (大尹), along with Yu Gwan and Yu In-suk and their followers. For this service he was commended as a First-class Merit Subject of Chuseong Wisa (推誠衛社功臣), enfeoffed as Lord of Yangcheon (陽川君), and rose to the rank of Jwachanseong in the Uijeongbu.
Heo Ja advocated the vindication (伸寃) of the followers of Yun Im. When Min Je-in was exiled for this cause, Heo agreed to appoint Min's younger brother, Min Je-yeong, as magistrate of Dangjin. For this he was impeached by Yi Gi's associates Jin Bok-chang and Yi Mu-gang, among others, and was exiled to Hongwon, where he died during his exile.
His family seat was Yangcheon (陽川), his courtesy name was Namjung (南仲), and his art name was Donge (東崖). He was the father of the scholar Heo Hu and the great-grandfather of Heo Mok, the leader of the Namin faction and a Neo-Confucian scholar. He was a cousin-in-law of the royal physician Heo Jun of the reign of Seonjo, and a maternal grandson of Kim Su-on, a merit subject of Sejo. He was a grandson-disciple of Kim Jong-jik and a disciple of Kim An-guk. He was from Gyeonggi Province.
Life
Early life
His courtesy name was Namjung (南仲) and his art name was Donge (東崖). He was a relative of Heo Jun; he was the great-grandson of Heo Bi (許扉), his grandfather was Heo Hun (許薰), magistrate of Hapcheon, and his father was Heo Won (許瑗), Vice Director of the Uiyeonggo (義盈庫令) and posthumously Jwachanseong. His mother, of the Kim clan, was the daughter of Kim Su-on (金粹溫). Heo Hun's younger brother Heo Ji (許芝) was the great-grandfather of the royal physician Heo Jun.
He studied under Kim An-guk (金安國), a disciple of the scholar Jeomp'ijae Kim Jong-jik.
Career as an official
In 1516 (the 11th year of Jungjong) he became a Saengwon, and in 1523 he passed the special civil service examination (알성문과) in the third rank. After holding various posts, he became Jeojak in 1525, and in 1526 he served as Park-sa of the Seungmun-won and Sujan of the Hongmun-gwan, after which he took part in the Sagadok-seo (賜暇讀書) leave program. In 1531 he became Vice Lecturer of the Hongmun-gwan. He later served as Eungyo (應敎) of the Hongmun-gwan, Sagan (司諫) of the Sagan-won, Geomsang (檢詳), and Jeonhan (典翰) of the Hongmun-gwan, and then became Jeongnang (吏曹正郞) of the Ministry of Personnel. In 1534, after the external relative Kim Lo (金安老) came to power, he was sent to provincial posts, serving as magistrate of Yanggeun (楊根郡守) and Governor of Hwangju. In 1537, after Kim Lo's faction fell, he returned to the capital, and after serving as Vice Chief Secretary of the Royal Secretariat (동부승지) he rose to Vice Councilor of the Ministry of War (병조참지). Although he was originally a member of the Sarim faction, his maternal grandfather Kim Su-on was a merit subject of Sejo and a leading figure of the Hungu faction, and during his career he went over to the side of Yun Won-hyeong, a favorite of Queen Munjeong.
In 1538 he became Vice Minister of the Ministry of Personnel and then Royal Secretary, and in 1539 he was sent out as Gwanchalsa of Chungcheong Province. He was then returned to the capital as Vice Minister of the Ministry of Justice. In 1541 he served as Vice Minister of the Ministry of Justice and was sent as envoy of the Dongjisa (冬至使) to the Ming dynasty, returning in early 1542. He then served as Minister of Works, Minister of Rites, and Daesaheon of the Saheon-bu, before again becoming Minister of Rites. In 1543 he became Governor of Hanseong-bu and Minister of Justice, and the following year Vice Chancellor of the Uijeongbu (議政府右參贊). In 1545 (the 1st year of Injong) he was appointed Jigungchubu-sa (知中樞府事) and then Minister of Works. In 1545, when Injong suddenly died and Myeongjong ascended the throne, he was transferred to Minister of Revenue.
Around the Eulsa Purge
He then became Daesaheon, and together with Yun Won-hyeong, Yi Gi, and Jeong Sun-bong he took part, as members of the Lesser Yun faction (小尹), in eliminating the Great Yun faction (大尹) of Yun Im and Yu Gwan and Yu In-suk and others. He was enfeoffed as Lord of Yangcheon (陽川君) as a First-class Merit Subject of Wisa (衛社功臣). He then served as Left Vice Chancellor of the Uijeongbu concurrently Dongji of the Gyeongyeon, and rose to Right Chancellor of the Uijeongbu.
However, while he was active in the faction of Yun Won-hyeong, in 1547 he rose to Left Chancellor, but he came into conflict with hardliners such as Yi Gi, drew their enmity, and was demoted to the sinecure post of Panjungchubusa. In 1549 (the 4th year of Myeongjong) he became Minister of Personnel.
Exile and death
In the following year he reached the rank of Jwachanseong of the Uijeongbu. However, after he agreed to appoint Min Je-yeong, the younger brother of Min Je-in (who had been exiled for advocating the vindication of the Great Yun faction), as magistrate of Dangjin, he was attacked and impeached by the censor Jin Bok-chang and Yi Mu-gang, among others, who were associates of Yi Gi,1 and by the Two Offices (양사) under their influence. He was exiled to Hongwon, where he contracted an illness and died.
His surviving collection is the Donge Yugo (《동애유고》), and he left an unfinished work, the Yeokdae Sagam (《역대사감 歷代史鑑》). Two of his sijo poems are also included in the Seonjo Yeoneon (《선조영언 先祖永言》) compiled by his great-grandson Heo Mok.
Afterwards
He was buried in Gangseo-ri, Wangjing-myeon, Yeoncheon County, Gyeonggi Province. Later, when Yun Won-hyeong, Yi Gi, and others fell from power, the Hongmun-gwan petitioned for his innocence, and Myeongjong restored his ranks and posthumously conferred on him the title of Yeonguijeong with the rank of Daegwang Bogukjungnok-daebu (大匡輔國崇祿大夫).
His son Heo Gang completed his unfinished work, the Yeokdae Sagam.2 His grandson Heo Gyo was recommended by Kim Myeong-won for his filial piety, entered office, and rose to the post of magistrate of Pocheon. His great-grandson Heo Mok became a disciple of Jeong Gu, a disciple of both Yi Hwang and Cho Sik, and became a master of Neo-Confucianism and Silhak, and the leader of the Namin faction during the Rites Controversies.
Family
- Wife: of the Jeonju Yi clan, daughter of Jingpa Sujo (澄波守) Jong-eom (終嚴), great-grandson of Grand Prince Yangnyeong
- Son: Heo Gang
- Daughter-in-law: of the Jinju Gang clan
- Grandson: Heo Gyo (許僑)
- Granddaughter-in-law: of the Naju Im clan, daughter of Im Je
- Great-grandson: Heo Mok (許穆, art name Misu, 1595 – 1682)
- Grandson: Heo Yang (許亮)
- Great-grandson: Heo Hu (許厚, art name Gwanseol)
- Concubine: of the Gwangsan Kim clan
- Illegitimate son: Heo Cheom (許檐)
- Illegitimate son: Heo Ran (許欄)
Works
- Donge Yugo (《동애유고》)
- Seonjo Yeoneon (《선조영언 先祖永言》)
- Yeokdae Sagam (《역대사감 歷代史鑑》)
In media
* Yeoin Cheonha (여인천하, drama) – Shin Gwi-sik
Footnotes