Victorinus (문서 활동)

r110338의 각 줄을 마지막으로 바꾼 판입니다.

r110338위키백과봇2026-10-15	1	Marcus Piavonius Victorinus[^1] was [[Gallic Empire\|emperor in the Gallic provinces]] from 268 to 270[^2] or 269 to 271,[^3] following the brief reign of [[Marcus Aurelius Marius\|Marius]]. He was murdered by a jealous husband whose wife he had tried to seduce.
	2
	3	## Reign
	4
	5	Hailing from [[Gaul]], Victorinus was born into a [[Gauls\|Gallic]] family of great wealth,[^4][^3] and was a soldier under [[Postumus]], the first of the so-called Gallic emperors.[^2] He showed considerable ability, as he held the title of tribunus praetorianorum (tribune of the praetorians) in 266/267,[^2][^3] and rose swiftly to become co-[[Consul (Gallic Empire)\|consul]] with Postumus in 268.[^5] It is also possible that Postumus then elevated him to the post of [[Praetorian prefect\|praetorian prefect]].[^6] Shortly after putting down a rebellion by [[Laelianus]] in 269, Postumus was murdered by his own troops, who appointed Marius as emperor in his place.[^6]
	6
	7	After engineering the death of Marius, Victorinus was declared emperor by the troops located at [[Augusta Treverorum]] ([[Trier]]) in the fall of 269.[^6] His principal concern was to prevent the western provinces from submitting to the central authority of the [[Roman Empire]], a fact made clear to him from the first few weeks when only the provinces of [[Roman Gaul\|Gaul]], [[Germania]] and [[Roman Britain\|Britain]] recognised him. [[Hispania]] deserted the Gallic Empire and declared its loyalty to [[Claudius Gothicus]].[^6][^3] Claudius then sent his trusted general [[Placidianus]] to south-east Gaul with instructions to bring over as many of the wavering cities as he could.[^5] Very quickly Placidianus captured [[Cularo]] ([[Grenoble]]), but did not proceed any further.[^6]
	8
	9	The presence of Placidianus inspired the city of [[Augustodunum Haeduorum]] ([[Autun]]) to abandon Victorinus and declare its intention to declare for [[Claudius Gothicus]].[^5][^6] This forced Victorinus to march south and besiege it, where it fell after seven months, after which Victorinus’ troops plundered and destroyed the city.[^5][^3] Victorinus returned to [[Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium]] ([[Cologne]]) in triumph.[^3] It remains a mystery just why Claudius did not authorise Placidianus to go to the relief of Augustodunum; however, it is speculated that Claudius, who was fully engaged either in Italy against the [[Alamanni]] or in the [[Balkans]] against the [[Goths]], did not wish to open a second theatre of operations in Gaul, which would not only have involved a major military effort, but would also have required Claudius to assume responsibility for the defense of the [[Limes Germanicus\|Rhine frontier]] had he been successful.[^7] There is evidence to suggest that Claudius was having some difficulties in the East, which also occupied his attention.[^6]
	10
	11	Victorinus was murdered at Colonia[^2] in early 271[^8] by Attitianus, one of his officers, whose wife Victorinus had supposedly seduced.[^9] Since the motive was personal and not political,[^3][^9] Victorinus' mother, [[Victoria (Gallic Empire)\|Victoria]] (or Vitruvia), was able to continue to hold power after the death of Victorinus and she arranged for his deification and, after considerable payment to the troops, the appointment of [[Tetricus I]] as his successor.[^9][^3] Another military commander appears to have been proclaimed as the emperor [[Domitianus II]], but was soon eliminated.[^10]
	12
	13	Victorinus is listed among the [[Thirty Tyrants (Roman)\|Thirty Tyrants]] in the [[Historia Augusta]]. The dubious Historia Augusta equally has a short description of [[Victorinus Junior]], allegedly the son of Victorinus, who was appointed emperor by his family the day his father was murdered, and would have been killed immediately afterwards by the troops. The Historia Augusta also says that both father and son were buried near Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium in marble tombs.[^11]
	14
	15	## Sources
	16
	17	### Primary sources
	18
	19	- [[Aurelius Victor]], [Epitome de Caesaribus](https://www.roman-emperors.sites.luc.edu/epitome.htm)
	20	- Aurelius Victor, [Liber de Caesaribus](http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/victor.caes.html#33.8)
	21	- [[Eutropius (historian)\|Eutropius]], [Brevarium, Book 9](http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/eutropius/eutropius9.shtml#9)
	22	- [[Historia Augusta]], [The Thirty Tyrants](https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Historia_Augusta/Tyranni_XXX*.html)
	23
	24	### Secondary sources
	25
	26	- Southern, Pat (2001). The Roman Empire from Severus to Constantine. Routledge.
	27	- Potter, David Stone (2004). The Roman Empire at Bay, AD 180-395. Routledge.
	28	- Jones, A.H.M.; Martindale, J.R. (1971). The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Vol. I: AD260-395. Cambridge University Press.
	29	- Polfer, Michel (1999). ["Victorinus (A.D. 269-271)"](https://www.roman-emperors.sites.luc.edu/victorin.htm). De Imperatoribus Romanis. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230528073601/http://www.roman-emperors.org/victorin.htm) from the original on 2023-05-28. Retrieved 2004-03-08.
	30	- J. F. Drinkwater, The Gallic Empire: Separatism and Continuity in the North-western Provinces of the Roman Empire A.D. 260–274 (Stuttgart 1987)
	31	- Richard Abdy, "The Domitian II coin from Chalgrove: a Gallic emperor returns to history". Antiquity. 83 (321), 2009: 751–757.
	32
	33	## Notes
	34
	35	[^1]: Some of the inscriptions record his name as M. Piavvonius Victorinus, as does the first release of coins from the Colonia mint. A mosaic from Augusta Treverorum (Trier) lists him as Piaonius.
	36	[^2]: Martindale, p. 965
	37	[^3]: Polfer, Victorinus
	38	[^4]: Potter, p. 261
	39	[^5]: Southern, p. 118
	40	[^6]: Potter, p. 266
	41	[^7]: Watson, Alaric (1999). [Aurelian and the Third Century](https://archive.org/details/aurelianthirdcen00wats). London: Routledge. p. [90](https://archive.org/details/aurelianthirdcen00wats/page/n110).
	42	[^8]: Potter, p. 272
	43	[^9]: Southern, p. 119
	44	[^10]: Abdy
	45	[^11]: Historia Augusta, Tyranni Triginta, 7:1