**Sim Gak** (沈瑴, 1695–1779) was a civil official of late Joseon. His family seat was [[Cheongsong Sim clan|Cheongsong]] (靑松), his courtesy name was Gunok (君玉), and his pen name was Maoh (晩悟). ## Family background - Twelfth-generation descendant of Sim Deokbu (沈德符), Left Chief Minister, Lord Cheongseong, and Duke Jeonga; eleventh-generation descendant of Sim On (沈溫), father of [[Sejong of Joseon|King Sejong]]'s queen consort, State Minister, Lord Cheongcheon, and Duke Ahyo; tenth-generation descendant of Sim Hoe (沈澮), State Minister, Lord Cheongsong, and Duke Gongsuk; ninth-generation descendant of Sim Won (沈源), Director of the Naeja Sisi, posthumously Left Chancellor; eighth-generation descendant of Sim Sunmun (沈舜文), Junior Magistrate of the Saheonbu, posthumously State Minister; seventh-generation descendant of Sim Dalwon (沈達源), Gihomyeongsin and Chief Judge of the Seungmunwon, posthumously Minister of Personnel; sixth-generation descendant of Sim Jeon (沈銓), Governor of Gyeonggi Province, posthumously State Minister, Lord Cheongpa; fifth-generation descendant of Sim Useung (沈友勝), Governor of Gyeonggi Province, posthumously State Minister, Lord Cheonggye; great-grandson of Sim Aek (沈詻), Minister of Personnel, Lord Cheongsong, and Duke Uiheon; grandson of Sim Gwangsa (沈光泗), Chief Administrator of the Jongchinbu, posthumously Vice Minister of Personnel; grandson of Sim Sang (沈相), Junior Royal Secretary of the Sagan-won, posthumously Minister of Personnel; and son of Sim Deukryang, Magistrate of Sunheung, posthumously Left Chancellor. - His great-grandfather Sim Gwangsa (沈光泗) was the younger brother of Sim Gwangsu (沈光洙), a [[Namin]] [[Sallim (politics)|sallim]] scholar who, together with Go-san [[Yun Seon-do]] (孤山 尹善道), argued for a three-year mourning period in the [[Yesong controversy]]. Sim Gwangsa was the father-in-law of Yun Ideok (尹爾錫), grandson of Yun Seon-do, and the maternal grandfather of Gongjae [[Yun Du-seo]] (恭齋 尹斗緖). - His grandfather Sim Sang (沈相) was the third son of Sim Gwangsa and was adopted by Sim Gwanghan (沈光漢). Sim Gwanghan was a grandson of Sim Useung (沈友勝), Governor of Gyeonggi Province, and of Sim Useon (沈友善), Magistrate of Jangsu and elder brother of Sim Useun (沈友俊), a Jinsa. - Sim Gwangmyeon (沈光沔), son-in-law of Go-san [[Yun Seon-do]] (孤山 尹善道), and the brothers Sim Gwangsu and Sim Gwangsa were cousins. The father of Sim Gwangsu and Sim Gwangsa, Sim Aek (沈詻), Minister of Personnel, and the father of Sim Gwangmyeon, Sim Seo (沈諝), Director of the Pyeongsiseo, were both sons of Sim Useun (沈友俊), a Jinsa. Sim Aek was adopted by Sim Useung (沈友勝), Governor of Gyeonggi Province and younger brother of Sim Useun. [[Sim Gak]] was the great-grandson of Minister of Personnel [[Sim Aek]], the grandson of Chief Administrator of the Jongchinbu Sim Gwangsa, the grandson of Junior Royal Secretary of the Sagan-won Sim Sang, and the son of Magistrate of Sunheung Sim Deukryang. - Sim Gwangmyeon, son of Go-san [[Yun Seon-do]]'s son-in-law, had a son, Minister of Personnel [[Sim Dan]] (沈檀). Sim Dan's son, the Jinsa [[Portrait of Sim Deuk-gyeong|Sim Deuk-gyeong]] (沈得經), was a maternal great-grandson of [[Yun Seon-do]]. He was the subject of the [[Portrait of Sim Deuk-gyeong]] painted by [[Yun Du-seo]], great-grandson of Yun Seon-do and maternal grandson of Sim Gwangsa. - The granddaughter of [[Sim Gak]] married Jeong Hak-yu (丁學游), second son of the great scholar-official [[Jeong Yak-yong]] (丁若鏞) of Dasan, and the great-granddaughter of [[Sim Gak]] married Jeong Dae-mu (丁大懋), son of [[Jeong Hak-yu]]. Furthermore, [[Yun Du-seo]], maternal grandson of Sim Gak's great-grandfather Sim Gwangsa, was the maternal great-grandfather of [[Jeong Yak-yong]] of Dasan. The Sim Gak family had very close ties with the family of Go-san [[Yun Seon-do]] (尹善道) and with the family of Dasan [[Jeong Yak-yong]] (丁若鏞). It was a typical Namin family. ## Life ### Reign of Yeongjo In 1735 (11th year of [[Yeongjo of Joseon|King Yeongjo]]), he passed the Jeunggwang civil service examination with a third-class rank. In 1742 he became Jeonjeok at the [[Seonggyungwan]] and Inspector at the [[Saheonbu]]; in 1743, Magistrate of Eunsan; in 1749, Doshi of Hongchung Province; in 1750, Jeongnang of the Hojo; in 1751, Magistrate of Suan; in 1753, Magistrate of Goksan; in 1754, Jipyeong of the [[Saheonbu]]; in 1756, Jangnyeong of the [[Saheonbu]] and Magistrate of Ulsan; in 1758, Jeong of the Jangakwon and Magistrate of Jangheung; in 1760, Jeong of the Bongsangsi; in 1761, Jangnyeong of the [[Saheonbu]] and Sagan of the [[Sagan-won]]; in 1762, Heonnap of the [[Sagan-won]]; in 1764, Jangnyeong of the [[Saheonbu]], Eastern Seungji, Chamui of the Hojo, Chamji of the Byeongjo, and Chamui of the Byeongjo; in 1765, Chanpan of the Hojo and Deputy Chief Commander of the Ouidochongbu; in 1766, [[Left Vice Magistrate of Hanseong]] and [[Right Vice Magistrate|Right Vice Magistrate of Hanseong]]; in 1768, Gyeongyeon Gwan and Special Advisor; in 1770, [[Councillor of the Jungchubu]] and Chief Commander of the [[Ouidochongbu]], and Internal Affairs Supervisor (Supervisor of the Naeuiwon and Supervisor of the Yakbang); in 1772, [[Minister of Rites]], [[Chief Commissioner of the Royal Court of Justice|Chief Commissioner of the Justice Office]], and [[Chief Councillor of the Jungchubu]], after which he entered the [[Giroso|Office of Elder Statesmen]]. ### Reign of Jeongjo In 1776 (year of accession of [[Jeongjo of Joseon|King Jeongjo]]), as a [[Councillor of the Jungchubu]], he condemned [[Hong In-han]] and [[Jeong Hu-gyeom]] as traitors. ## Family tree - [[Sim Dalwon]] (Chief Judge of the Seungmunwon, posthumously Minister of Personnel) - [[Sim Jeon]] (沈銓, Governor of Gyeonggi Province, posthumously State Minister, Lord Cheongpa) - Wife: posthumously [[Jeonggyeong Buin|Lady of the First Rank]] [[Jeonui Yi clan|Jeonui Yi]] — daughter of Yi Han (李翰) - Sim Useon (Magistrate of Jangsu) - Wife: [[Paepyeong Yun clan|Paepyeong Yun]] - Sim Yang (Inspector of the Saheonbu) - Sim Gwanghan (posthumously Vice Minister of Personnel) - Sim Sang (son of Sim Gwangsa, Junior Royal Secretary of the Sagan-won, posthumously Minister of Personnel) - Sim Deukryang (Magistrate of Sunheung, posthumously Left Chancellor) - [[Sim Gak]] (Minister of Rites, Chief Commissioner of the Justice Office, Chief Councillor of the Jungchubu, Giroso) - Sim Changseok - Sim Yu - Sim Dongnyang - Daughter: [[Cheongsong Sim clan|Cheongsong Sim]] - Husband: Jeong Dae-mu (丁大懋, 18 May 1824 – ?), son of [[Jeong Hak-yu]], maternal grandson of Sim O, Chambong, Magistrate, styled Jawon (子園) - Sim O (adopted by Sim Gyeongseok) - Sim Gyeongseok (Magistrate of Yonggung) - Sim O (son of Sim Changseok) - Daughter: [[Cheongsong Sim clan|Cheongsong Sim]] - Husband: [[Ahae Jeong clan|Ahae Jeong]] [[Jeong Hak-yu]], second son of the great scholar-official [[Jeong Yak-yong]] of Dasan - Son of [[Jeong Hak-yu]]: Jeong Dae-mu (丁大懋, 18 May 1824 – ?), maternal grandson of Sim O, Chambong, Magistrate, styled Jawon (子園) - Sim Useun (Jinsa, posthumously Vice Minister of Personnel) - Wife: posthumously [[Jeongbuin|Lady]] [[Juksan Park clan|Jukśan Park]] - Wife: posthumously [[Jeongbuin|Lady]] [[Eonjin Song clan|Eonjin Song]] - [[Sim Aek]] (adopted by [[Sim Useung]], Minister of Personnel, Chief Commissioner of the Justice Office, Lord Cheongsong, Giroso) - Sim Seo (Director of the Pyeongsiseo, posthumously Minister of Personnel) - Sim Gwangmyeon (posthumously State Minister) - Wife: posthumously [[Jeonggyeong Buin|Lady of the First Rank]] [[Haenam Yun clan|Haenam Yun]] — daughter of [[Namin]] [[Sallim (politics)|sallim]] Yun Seon-do, Ye-jo Chamui, Go-san - [[Sim Dan]] (Minister of Personnel, Chief Commissioner of the Justice Office, Chief Councillor of the Jungchubu, Giroso, Bongjoha) - Wife: [[Jeonggyeong Buin|Lady of the First Rank]] [[Gwangju Yi clan|Gwangju Yi]] - Sim Deukcheon (Gwonji Jeongja, Seungmunwon) - [[Portrait of Sim Deuk-gyeong|Sim Deuk-gyeong]] (Jinsa, subject of the [[Portrait of Sim Deuk-gyeong]] by painter Yun Du-seo, great-grandson of Go-san [[Yun Seon-do]]) - Sim Deukhaeng (Magistrate of Yongin) - Sim Deukseong (Saengwon, posthumously Vice Minister of Personnel) - Sim Chi (posthumously Vice Minister of Personnel) - Sim Yeongseok (Vice Minister of the Byeongjo) - Sim Mun (Chamong of Jeringneung, posthumously Minister of Personnel) - Wife: posthumously [[Jeongbuin|Lady]] [[Pungsan Hong clan|Pungsan Hong]] — daughter of Hong Myeongju (洪命周), Minister of the Byeongjo - [[Sim Dongsin]] (Vice Minister of the Byeongjo, Jijunchugwansa, Daesaheon) - Sim Donghyeon (Seungji) - [[Sim Useung]] (沈友勝, Vice Minister of Revenue, Governor of Gyeonggi Province, Meritorious Subject of Hoseong, second class, posthumously State Minister, Lord Cheonggye) - Wife: posthumously [[Jeonggyeong Buin|Lady of the First Rank]] [[Sunheung An clan|Sunheung An]] (順興 安氏) - [[Sim Aek]] (沈詻, son of Sim Useun, Minister of Personnel, Chief Commissioner of the Justice Office, Lord Cheongsong, Giroso) - Wife: [[Jeonggyeong Buin|Lady of the First Rank]] [[Andong Gwon clan|Andong Gwon]] (安東 權氏) — daughter of [[Gwon Jing (Joseon)|Gwon Jing]] (權徵), Minister of the Byeongjo - [[Sim Gwangsu]] (沈光洙, [[Namin]] [[Sallim (politics)|sallim]], Jinseon of the Crown Prince's Sigangwon, Vice Minister of Works, posthumously Vice Minister of Personnel, Lord Cheonan) - Wife: posthumously [[Jeongbuin|Lady]] [[Andong Gwon clan|Andong Gwon]] - Sim Baek (son of Sim Gwangsa, Junior Secretary of the Byeongjo) - Sim Gwangsa (沈光泗, Chief Administrator of the Jongchinbu, posthumously Vice Minister of Personnel, five sons all passed the civil service examination) - Wife: posthumously [[Jeongbuin|Lady]] [[Jeonui Yi clan|Jeonui Yi]] — daughter of Yi Myeongjun (李命俊), Vice Minister of the Byeongjo - Daughter: [[Cheongsong Sim clan|Cheongsong Sim]] (靑松 沈氏) - Husband: [[Haenam Yun clan|Haenam Yun]] (海南 尹氏), Yun Ideok (尹爾錫), Chief Administrator of the Jongchinbu, grandson of Go-san [[Yun Seon-do]] - Son of Yun Ideok: [[Yun Du-seo]] (尹斗緖), maternal grandson of Sim Gwangsa, known as Gongjae (恭齋), together with Gyeomjae [[Gyeomjae|Jeong Seon]] (鄭歚) and Hyeonjae [[Sim Sa-jeong]] (玄齋 沈師正), known as the Three Jae of Joseon - Sim Baek (adopted by Sim Gwangsu, Junior Secretary of the Byeongjo) - Sim Sang (adopted by Sim Gwanghan, Junior Royal Secretary of the Sagan-won, posthumously Vice Minister of Personnel) - Sim Beol (Governor of Hwanghae Province) - Sim Bang (Magistrate of Jinju) - Sim Taeng (Seungji) - Daughter of [[Sim Aek]]: [[Cheongsong Sim clan|Cheongsong Sim]] - Son-in-law of [[Sim Aek]]: [[O Dan]] — Governor - Daughter of [[O Dan]]: Lady Bokcheon, [[Dongbok O clan|Dongbok O]] - Son-in-law of [[O Dan]]: [[Prince Inpyeong]] — third son of [[Injo of Joseon|King Injo]] - Eldest son of [[Prince Inpyeong]]: [[Prince Bongnyeong]] - Second son of [[Prince Inpyeong]]: [[Prince Bokchang]] - Third son of [[Prince Inpyeong]]: [[Prince Bokseon]] - Fourth son of [[Prince Inpyeong]]: [[Prince Bokpyeong]] - Sim Bo (沈譜, Military examination, Magistrate of Bakcheon) - Sim Gwangsuk (沈光淑, Military examination, Manho) - Sim Ryun (沈棆, Chama Jungchubusa) - Sim Deukmang (沈得望, Military examination, Cheomjeoljeaesa) - Sim Udan (Inspector of the Saheonbu) - Wife: [[Suwon Choe clan|Suwon Choe]] - Sim Seon (Magistrate of Danchon) ## Footnotes - *Veritable Records of King Yeongjo* - *Veritable Records of King Jeongjo* - *Cheongsong Sim Clan Genealogy* (청송심씨대동보)